443/1 AGRICULTURE PAPER 1 REVISION KIT FOR FORM 4 MODEL29082023001

SECTION A(30MKS)

1.       Contribution to industrial growth.

• Supply raw materials to industries
• Provide market to finished industrial goods.
• Provide capital to set up industries.

(½ x 2 = 1mk)

2.       Characteristics of intensive farming

• Land is maximally utilized
• Permanent labour is maximally used.
• Yields are high per unit area
• Much capital is used.
• High quality products
• High level skill is required.

(½ x 2 = 1mk)

3.       Effects of high levels of education

• Provides knowledge required in proper methods of production.
• Provided skills required in carrying out production practices.
• Leads to positive change in altitude involving practices and consumer preference.

(½ x 2 = 1mk)

4.       Ways micro-catchment conserve soil and water

• Slow down surface run-off encouraging infiltration
• Hold surface run-off encouraging sedmentation of soils.

(½ x 2 = 1mk)

5.       Reasons for sowing annual crops early

• Fetch early market/high prices
• Crop traps all moisture in the season
• Enjoys nitrogen flush
• Escape pests and diseases
• Smoother weeds.

(½ x 2 = 1mk)

6.       Advantages of biological methods of pest control.

• Products have high demand
• Method is cheap in the long run.
• Sustainable
• Friendly to the environment
• Products are safe

(½ x 2 = 1mk)

7.       Sources of nutrients to soils.

• Bacterial fixation
• Atmospheric fixation
• Decomposition of organic matter
• Fertilizer application
• Pavement rock

(½ x 3 = 1 ½ mks)

8.       Methods of harvesting trees

• Pruning
• Lopping
• Pollarding
• Coppicing
• Thinning

9.       Ways to minimize grain losses:

• Dressing seeds against pests
• Proper drying against rotting
• Use of proper storage structures
• Proper cleaning of stores before storage
• Ensuring proper ventilation against dumping
• Securing store against theft.

(4 x ½ =2mks)

10.     Sources of agricultural credit.

• Banks
• Personal saving
• Inheritance
• Grants – N.G.O
• Well wishers/friends
• Co-operatives
• A.F.C
• Crop Boards
• Settlements fund trustees.

(4 x ½ =2mks)

11.     Difference between variable costs and fixed costs.

Ø  Variable costs: costs of inputs that vary with level of production and can be foregone if enterprice is discontinued.

Ø  Fixed costs: costs of inputs that do not vary with level of production and cannot be foregone.

12.     Effects of adding organic manures.

• Bind soil improving structure
• Improve drainage/water holdings capacity
• Add fertility to sandy soils
• Impart dark colour thereby influencing soil temperature.
• Buffers soil pH       

(4 x ½ =2mks)

13.     Farming practices to achieve minimum tillage

• Application of herbicides
• Mulching
• Timing cultivation
• Restricting cultivation to the area where seeds have to be planted.
• Establishing a cover crop on the field.
• Uprooting or slashing weeds in perennial crops

(4 x ½ =2mks)

14.     Factors determining depth of planting

• Soil type
• Soil moisture
• Size of seed
• Time of planting
• Risk of pests damage
• Type of germination displayed by the seed.

(4 x ½ =2mks)

15.     Advantages of concession tenure system

• Create employment opportunities
• Earn government income through taxes
• High efficiency due to good management
• Saves government foreign exchange on importation
• Enable government to put to use idle land.

(4 x ½ =2mks)

16.     Ways mixed cropping maintains fertility

• Balance nutrients composition
• Legumes fix nitrogen
• Smoothers weeds
• Control soil erosion.

(3 x ½ =1 ½ mks)

17.     Advantages of planning

• Decision making
• Predict future returns
• Avoid incurring losses
• Secure loans
• Periodic analysis
• A record
• Pin points efficiency or weakness

(3 x 1= 3mks)

18.     Methods to collect soil samples

• Traverse
• Zig zag

(1 x 2=2mks)

SECTION B (20MKS)

19.(a) couch grass                                                              (1 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)

(b)      Difficult to control

• Propagates vegetively/it has rhizomes.

(1 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)

(c)      Methods of weed classification

• Leaf morphology
• Seed type/No of cotyledons
• Longevity/life cycle.

(2 x ½ = 1 mk)

(d)      Disadvantages of chemical weed control

• Requires skilled labour
• Pollutes the environment
• Its expensive
• High residue effect.

(1 x 2 = 2mks)

20(a)  Correct sequence

• K, G, J H (mark as a whole)

(1 x 1=1mk)

(b)      Precautions when harvesting pyrethrum

• Pick flower
• Put flowers in open baskets
• Avoid picking wet flowers
• Avoid any contamination
• Do not compact the flowers in the basket
• Dry the flowers soon after.

(1 x 2=2mks)

21(a)  Measurement of vegetable nursery

• One metre wide by any convenient lengths.

(1 x 1 = 1mk)

(b)      Damages caused by animals on tree seedlings

• Ringing the bark
• Browsing/nibbling
• Trampling

(2 x 1=2mks)

(c)      Advantages of raising seedlings

• Many seedlings are produced in a small area.
• It is easier to carry out management practices
• Enables establishment of tiny seed to become strong seedlings before transplanting
• To provide optimum conditions for growth.
• Allows transplanting of seedlings that are strong and healthy
• Reduce time taken by crop in the field
• Extra seedlings can be sold to earn income.

(1 x 3=3mks)

22(a)  Profit and loss a/c for Mr. Kamau’s farm

Profit                                1mk

Correct entry                     ½ each

Title                                  1mk                                            (6mks)

(b)      Profit

SECTION C (40MKS)

23(a)  Establishment of grass pasture

• Selecting of planting materials
• Land preparation
• Planting materials\seed rates
• Fertilizer application
• Weeding
• Pasture utilization

(6 x 2=12mks)

(b)      Advantages of mixed grass-legume

• Higher nutritive value
• Improves soil fertility
• Higher yield per unit area
• Animals less prone to bloat diseases
• Guaranteed yield
• More palatable
• Maximum soil exploitation

(4 x 2=8mks)

24(a)  Methods of drainage waterlogged soils

• Uses open ditches
• Use of underground drain pipes
• Use of trench drains
• Use of cambered beds
• Planting trees with high transpiration rate.

(4 x 1=4mks)

(b)      Uses of H₂O

• Diluting chemicals
• Watering livestock
• Irrigation/watering crops
• Processing farm produce
• Washing farm tools/equipments
• Domestic use
• Rearing fish
• Mixing concrete/mortar
• Recreational purposes
• Cooling/running machines.

(4 x 1=4mks)

(c)      Process of water treatment

          Stage 1:       filtration at intake

                    –         water pass through sieves

                    –         sieves trap large solid impurities

          Stage II:       softening of water

                    –         soda ash added into water

                    –         softens water

          Stage III:      Coagulation and sedimentation

                    –         Alum added into the water

–         Alum facilitates coagulation and sedimentation of solid impurities

–         Tanks left open for aeration/remove bad smell.

          Stage IV:      Filtration

–         water is passed through a filtration tank, that removes all solid impurities

          Stage V:       Chlorination

                    –         Small amounts of chlorine solution is added

                    –         Chlorine kills pathogens/diseases causing organisms

          Stage VI       Storage

                    –         treated water stores in clean tanks before use/distribution

                                                                                          (6 X 2=12mks)

25(a)  Benefits of farm records.

• Compare the performance
• Show the history
• Guide in planning and budgeting
• Detect losses/theft
• Assessment of income tax
• Determine value of the farm
• Share the profits and losses
• Settling disputes
• Show whether is making profit or losses
• Support insurance claims.
• Provide labour information

(10 x 1 = 10mks)

(b)      Functions of Agricultural Society of Kenya.

• Holding competitive shows exhibitions
• Encourage breeding and importation of pure breeds
• Encourage and assist in official milk record scheme
• Organizing the running of young farmers clubs
• Organizing the national ploughing contest
• Publishing the Kenya  stud book
• Publishing a monthly journal i.e The Kenya Farmers
• Awarding bursaries to local and overseas studies/tours.

(5 x 1=5mks)

(c)      Land preparation and planting of bulb onions

• Fine tilth
• Remove all weeds
• Apply farm yard manure at 40 -50 tonnes per hectare and mixed well
• Sow directly into main field/started on in a nursery bed.
• Apply 250kg/ha of D.S.P at planting at rows 30cm apart
• Direct planting seeds sparingly drilled along the rows then covered lightly
• Indirect planting are transplanted at 8cm apart, cover the roots with little soil.

(Any 5 x 1 = 5mks)