Give five factors that led to the development of urban centres in Africa during the pre-colonial period

Give five factors that led to the development of urban centres in Africa during the pre-colonial period. (5mks)

Trading activities led to the rise of convergent centres which later developed into towns.
The existence of local industries led to population concentration in place that later developed into towns / mining centres.
Existence of trade routes which linked various places led to the development of towns at major crossroads.
Administration / royal centres later developed into towns.
Development of centres of leasing later became urban centres.
Religious centres.
Places that were secure attracted population concentration and later developed into towns.
Ports and harbours which were used as calling stations for replenishments developed into urban centres.