Explain five social effects of urbanization in Europe during the 19th century

Explain five social effects of urbanization in Europe during the 19th century. (10mks)

• Migration of people to urban centres / led to overcrowding.
• Inadequate housing due to high concentration of people in urban centres.
• Poor sewerage and sanitation facilities exposed people to diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
• Concentration of industries led to environmental pollution which resulted to respiratory ailment / diseases.
• Concentration of people led to shortage of food which resulted in malnutrition.
• Frustration and suffering in urban area led to anti-social behaviour such as drug abuse, alcoholism and prostitution.
• Increase in crime rate and violence created fear and insecurity.
• Poor working conditions e.g. child labour, long working hours and lack of workman’s compensation dehumanized
• urban dwellers.
• High concentration of people in urban centres strained the social amenities.
• Excessive rural immigration led to unemployment.
• Led to social interaction between different classes of people.
• Shortage of housing led to development of slums.       

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